Analysis Of Financial Fair Play - 1087 Words

With the number of clubs which have participated in the UEFA competition over the past 12 years, a sample size of 6 teams will be selected for this dissertation. These clubs who must abide by Financial Fair Play regulations to participate in their competitions are Arsenal, Manchester United, Chelsea, Manchester City, Liverpool and Tottenham. It is also important to note that all clubs selected in this analysis has expense greater than â‚ ¬45 million, as UEFA’s break-even rule is subject to an exception of an acceptable deviation up to â‚ ¬45 million if the shortfall is covered by equity investment. As the Financial Fair Play has been in existence since 2010, financial statements and balance sheets for the selected clubs and the league have been†¦show more content†¦3.4.1 Profitability The Financial Fair Play draws attention to the reported losses made in European football over the past fifteen years. As football started to grow at an exponential rate, the losses started to mount also. As far back as the early 2000s, several clubs football clubs went bankrupt and faced administration while dealing with huge substantial losses. Prior to the season before the financial fair play was introduced, it was noted that 12 out of the 20 clubs reported an overall loss. This led to the Premier League pre-tax losses reaching an all-time unwanted record of  £445 million in 2009/10 and a debt around  £3.1 billion in 2008/2009 (Deloitte, 2011). The profitability of the league and its clubs in relation to the Financial Fair Play is determined by the profit and loss accounts (relevant income minus relevant expenses) which aligns with UEFA’s requirement for clubs to break even and improve their profitability. Another two objectives of the regulations mentioned previously also relate to profitability; which are:  ¥ encourage clubs to compete within their revenues  ¥ introduce more discipline and rationality in club football finances Therefore, this dissertation will discuss the following hypothesis below: 1. Hypothesis (H1): The Premier League and its clubs’ overall profitability improved since the arrival of Financial Fair Play. 3.4.2 Negative Equity NegativeShow MoreRelatedResearch On The Financial Performance Of The English Premier League801 Words   |  4 Pagesexamine whether the financial performance of the English Premier League and the sampled clubs improved after UEFA introduced their Financial Fair Play regulations. This led to the comparison of the results for the league in general and individual clubs over a ten-year period (2004 – 2015). This ten year period was broken down into two parts: â€Å"FFP1† which represented years prior to the Financial Fair Play introduction (2004 – 2009) and â€Å"FFP2† representing post Financial Fair Play years (2010 – 2015)Read MoreEssay Sugar Daddies in European Football Clubs1388 Words   |  6 Pagesal. (2009) and their analysis of social welfare and difference between profit-maximising and win-maximising leagues; then Lang et al. (2011) analysed benefactors influence on industry competitiveness; then Madden (2012) studied i mplications towards the economic stability of the industry; then Franck Lang (2012) observed growing trend towards riskier strategic investments amongst ‘sugar-daddy’ owned clubs; and finally the possible outcome of new UEFA’s ‘Financial Fair Play’ regime (aimed at reducingRead MoreImpact of the Presence of Sugar Daddies in the European Football Industry950 Words   |  4 Pageshierarchy where national competitions are seen superior over the domestic league competitions; competitiveness in terms of promotion and relegation; lack of entry barriers to the lowest level of competition; competitive and mobile labour market; financial negotiations and transactions between clubs, players and sponsors (Szymanski, 2003; Holt, 2009). Players are seen as the most important asset for the football club in terms of exploiting their playing talent; creating competitive advantage; and achievingRead MoreThe Financial Fair Play ( Ffp )1601 Words   |  7 Pagesse en itself undergoing a paradigm shift in the past decades. As European football grew into the gigantic monolith it is today, an inflow of money found its way into the coffers of the Union des Associations Europà ©ennes de Football (UEFA). The Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations were initiated in principle to create a level playing field between clubs owned by business tycoons and those who are a bit more moderate in comparison. It is a sad sight that today, European club football is in truth, nothingRead MoreFactor Analysis Of Information Risk878 Words   |  4 PagesFactor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) is a framework for understanding, analyzing and measuring information risk (Violino, 2010). 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Management plays different ethical roles to achieveRead MoreLorman Lumber Case Study1501 Words   |  7 Pagesassistant production manager for Lorman Lumber Co.’s Yamica sawmill. Ben has been with the company for six years, where he is working on an analysis of a proposed capital investment to recapture and recycle wastewater by refitting the Sawmill with a closed cycle system. Ben is under significant pressure because of this project: †¢ †¢ The data collected for the analysis is based on educated estimates, which given the sensitivity of the project, creates an uneasy feeling. The number of people affected: WhileRead MoreWhat Is Economic Freedom?1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmight call economic freedom. Adam Smith being the pioneer of his economic system was acclaimed as the high priest of capitalism by many. The centerpiece of his work and views was the analysis of â€Å"invisible hand†, mechanism by which the econ omic activities of profit seeking individuals resulted in the greatest financial good for a society as a whole. In this system, although each individual is intending his own gain, the advocates of capitalism argue that the overall effect is the promotion of the interestRead MoreThe Financial Accounting Standards Board1621 Words   |  7 PagesIn September of 2006, The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157: Fair Value Measurements (FAS 157) to provide guidance about how entities should determine fair value estimations for financial reporting purposes. These guidelines coincide with the conceptual framework and provide a baseline for accounting professionals to gauge the true worth of an asset. 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Jeff Bezos - 2142 Words

12th of May2012 | MBA | | Presented to: Dr. Margaret M. Hopkins Presented by: Mariam Medhat F. Gerguis Email: mariam.medhat@minamark.com | [the Jeff bezos leadership case study] | Implementing the values he holds, his Emotional intelligence competencies, his use of the Mc. Clelland s theory of motivation, his vision and my personal thoughts of him as a leader. | Jeff Bezos case study Jeff Bezos, the leader, had a wide set of values that he obviously followed in all the different decisions he took. The clearest ones are that he is creative, ambitious, broad minded, adventurous, courageous, intellectual and helpful. He has been creative as he thought out of the box and used some statistics about the internet usage rate†¦show more content†¦. . . If you don t have a willingness to be misunderstood for a long time, then you can t have long term orientation. Also in the Inc.com interview he says I am very optimistic. I am generally a very happy person. And you have to be stubborn and focused. And Entrepreneurship is really more about the state of mind that it is about working for yourself. He also showed a great deal of knowing what he really wanted when he was asked in the interview by Kevin Maney if he had a list for his spouse he replied I kind of did. I wanted a woman who could get me out of a third world prison. It was really just visualization for resou rcefulness, because people who are not resourceful drive me bananas. He knew himself, and knew what he wanted in life whether business or personal life, a quality I admire. Also he had a good deal of self assessment. In the Harvard Review page 80 he answered I think most big errors are errors of omission rather than errors of commission when asked about what he believes to be his mistakes. This indicates a wide array of self assessment sessions that he does. Fortune interview showed how Bezos admits wrong decisions, which is a crucial part of self assessment when he said We were investors in every bankrupt. . . . it didn t take us off our mission but it was a waste of capital. Other than being generally clear in all interviews with Bezos, his self-confidenceShow MoreRelatedJeff Bezos1090 Words   |  5 Pageshave attached my CEO Analysis as you requested for Business Rhetoric class. The document provides a biography of Jeffrey Bezos CEO of Amazon, along with an analysis of his vis ionary leadership style. My initial interest in Bezos stemmed from a personal interest in ecommerce business and start-up business leadership. After much research I have concluded that Jeffrey Bezos’ visionary leadership style consists of three main characteristics. 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The efforts used in the production function of the company, the innovation strategies and challenges in safeguarding these ideas along with the new technology tactics that Amazon has introduced into the markets, the increase or decrease of its productRead MoreJeff Bezos : Leadership And Management1848 Words   |  8 Pages1 JEFF BEZOS: GREAT LEADER 2 2 JEFF BEZOS: GREAT LEADER Jeff Bezos: One of The World?s Greatest Leaders SSG Ashley M. Moore University of Louisville Dr. Bradley Carpenter ELFH 490-91: Leadership and Management May 15, 2015 Jeff Bezos: One of the World?s Greatest Leaders I designated Jeff Bezos as my great leader because of how he built his company, Amazon.com. Jeff Bezos captured a passion that he realized he had at a very young Read MoreThe Leadership Qualities Of Jeff Bezos Essay737 Words   |  3 PagesPreston â€Å"Jeff† Bezos born in 1964. He is a founder and CEO of amazon, online products selling business. He started amazon.com in1994. Bezos is also interested in another business like aerospace and newspapers. In 2013, he purchased Washington Post for $250 million (1). He runs his business by accuracy and efficiently with his unique leadership qualities. Every business leader has its own leadership qualities to run the business .This paper shows Jeff Bezos what type of leader he has. So from Jeff BezosRead MoreJeff Bezos: Qualities of an Effective Leader569 Words   |  2 Pagesto lead and have goals that extend further into long-term visions. Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon is good example of such Effective Le adership Characteristic. He is a technology entrepreneur who has played a major role in the area of e-commerce, an online merchant of books in the initial stages and later expanded to wide range of products. Under his leadership, Amazon.com became the largest online retailer on the World Wide Web. Jeff Bezos’s secret of Success lies in his passion towards â€Å"Customers andRead MoreBiography Of Jeff Bezos, Founder Of Amazon.com1034 Words   |  5 PagesJeff Bezos, founder of Amazon.com, was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1964. Her mother, Jackie, is a teenager when ia born ITU Women And he only married his biological father WITH approximately a year. He has been married WITH Mike Bezos if Jeff is four deep. Mike was also a man who fled to Cuba UNITED States when she was fifteen. He put Himself through college in New Mexico and finally Being An engineer at Exxon. Jeff attended Miami Palmetto High School and is a class Valedictorian. He wentRead More Jeff Bezos: The Founder of Amazon.com Essay497 Words   |  2 Pages Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon.com, was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1964. His mother, Jackie, was in her teens when he was born and she was only married to his biological father for about a year. She married Mike Bezos when Jeff was four years old. Mike was a Cuban who escaped to the United States when he was fifteen. He put himself through college in New Mexico and eventually became an engineer at Exxon. Jeff went to Princeton and studied electrical engineering and computer science. HeRead MoreOrganization Overview : Amazon And Jeff Bezos2266 Words   |  10 PagesOrganization Overview Amazon.com and Jeff Bezos are great leaders. Amazon.com is a leader in online retail, but that is not all that they do, which will be expanded later on. Jeff Bezos is one of the top leaders in the world, but that is not the only reason why I chose him for this analysis, it is because he has build Amazon.com from the ground up for 22 years. Organization Description Amazon.com headquarters is based is Seattle, Washington, which Washington was where Amazon was incorparatedRead MoreLeadership in the Organization: Jeff Bezos and Amazon Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesAmazon the Beginning Jeff Bezo’s began Amazon in his garage in July 1995 with three Sun workstations setting on wooden doors for tables and extension cords running from everywhere (Academy of Achievement, 2010). Right from the beginning he was a visionary leaving his well paying job as a senior vice president with D. E. Shaw to begin Amazon.com (Academy of Achievement, 2010). Being the visionary that he is he saw an opportunity prompted by the huge growth rate of internet use in a single year

Introduction to Consumer Behavior

Question: Write about theIntroduction to Consumer Behavior. Answer: Introduction The psychological pressures that the consumers go through for satisfying their needs and wants is known as consumer behavior. Under the consumer behavior the consumers firstly recognize their needs and wants and they try to find out the ways to solve the needs and making the purchase decisions. Customer behavior is a wide field of study where al, other aspects and inclinations of markets have disappeared and the consumer behavior has come into force. Over the past years, marketing structure has altered from mere selling to consumer oriented sales and production hence consumer behavior has become the most essential and beneficial study in order to survive in this modern competitive era of selling. Due to these studies and research the prominence of customers has integrated. Consumer behavior is basically the study which provides an insight to how consumers make up their mind or take decision to spend their essential resources like time, money, efforts etc. The marketers then struggled to reach an answer about the way how consumers make a purchase(Stavkova, 2014). Ever since the knowledge of human behavior has come into hands of the sellers and marketers they have developed an in depth behavior detail of consumer behavior which helps them forecast the future purchase of an individual. The consumer behavior is one that has always been on the great interest for the marketers. The marketer having the knowledge about the consumer behaviors is able to understand how the consumers think, select the alternatives and feel about the products of the marketer. There are many factors that influence the buying behavior of the consumer, some of the factors includes: social, political, cultural and psychological factors(Annoynomous., 2007). Not all of these factors can be controlled many of these factors are beyond the control of an individual but they cannot be ignored and hence are required to be considered while trying to understand the behavior of the consumers. The study of various processes that are involved when there is a selection made by the individuals and groups to satisfy the wants and needs. While in the context of marketing the consumer refers to the purchasing activity along with the aggregate buying patterns that includes post purchase and pre purchase activities(Park, 2003). The post purchase activities includes evaluating the purchased item that is in use and reducing the anxiety that comes with the purchase of the expensive item and the items that are not bought on frequent basis. Whereas, the pre-purchase activity consists of the growth in the awareness of the need or want and searching the evaluation of the information that might satisfy the consumers. Consumer Personality Factors The decision making of the consumers is highly influenced by the two factors that is the innovativeness and risk aversion. The risk aversion is a measure is being satisfying the consumer about the item that they are purchasing. The consumers who are high risk adverse they need to be more certain about what is being bought by them. On the other hand the consumers who are less risk adverse can tolerate a little risk on the purchases that are being made by them. And then is the second variable that is the innovativeness that is concerned with capturing the global measures of the willingness of the consumers that are interested in taking chances in new ways(annoynomous, 2016). The Traditional Perspective on the Research of the Consumer Behavior As we have moved to the twentieth century we have come closer to the third millennium , there are various changes and developments taking place around us with the advancements of various industries and other things all over. While studying the consumer behavior according to the traditional perceptive there were various models that were being used for the same that were presented by the economists Some of the models that were being used in the traditional perceptive included trait, cognitive, motivational, situational and trait viewpoints(Gajjar, 2013). Traditionally there were various perceptive that were being used to study the behavior of the consumers some of the perceptive included; the rational perceptive, the behavioral perceptive, the cognitive perspective. Under the rational perceptive, the economists considered the consumer behavior in the terms of single purchase made by them and the post purchase reactions. According to the traditional theory of the economists it was held that the purchasing decisions are the result of conscious and rational decisions of the consumers. Thus according to this approach the goods and items that would provide more utility to the consumer would be having high probability of being purchased by him. Then, moving on to the next model that is the behavioral perspective that emphasized on the role of the external factors that were responsible for the decisions of the consumers. Thus, under this approach it was assumed that the consumer behaves in ascertain manner due to the impact of various external factors. The various external factors were responsible here for influencing, modifying and controlling the behavior of the consumers. Then comes the Cognitive perspective, this approach stresses more on the infor mation processing in the decision making of the consumers(Velayutham, 2016). This perspective often views the people as problem solvers that often use the information for mastering the environment. Factors Affecting the Consumer Behavior There are various factors that affect the behavior of the consumers. Some of the factors affecting the behavior of the consumer are: Social factors: Social factors are the other people or individual that affects the purchasing decisions of the consumers. These factors include the culture and the sub culture, social class, family and friends and reference groups. The effect of the culture on the behavior of the consumers is through the values and norms that are established by the society. This is one of the broadest environmental factors that influence the behavior of the consumer(Karvonene, 2005). Culture sets some of the loose boundaries on the consumers that affect the functioning of the consumers. Roles and Family There is a some positions that are occupied within the groups, organizations and family. The role is referred to as set of functions and the activities that is performed by a particular position. There are several roles and expectations of the individual. All these roles influence the buying behavior of the consumers. Need and Desire Another factor that influences the behavior of the consumer is the need and the demand of the consumers. If there will be need and desire within the consumer than that would directly affect his behavior towards anything(Chand, 2005). Mood Mood is one of the factor that affects the behavior of the consumer. The consumer behaves in a certain manner according to his moods. A sour mood often spoils the desire of the consumer to shop whereas the glum mood cannot be considered as something bad(Wright, 2006). Personal Factors There are various personal factors that affect the behavior of the consumers. Some of the personal factors include the self concept and personality of the individual. Personality is the personal disposition of a person that shows how a person behaves differently. Gender, Stage of Life and Age Though there are various demographic factors such as education, income and marital status that has an influence on the behavior of the consumer. So here the important factors like age, stage of life and gender also plays an important role in affecting the behavior of the consumers(Batra Kazmi, 2009). Lifestyle The kind of lifestyle an individual is living has a great bearing on the behavior of the consumer. If he is leading a good lifestyle than he would spend more as a consumer however if he is leading a mediocre life than he would spend less as a consumer. Traditionally there are three ways which influence a person to purchase something i.e. need, want and desire. Need is the basic necessity of an individual, organization or any other form of customer to live a healthy and good life. Need is basically something required because it is an entity which is very essential or important rather than just fascination. Need is a factor that comes within the purchasing capacity of an individual. It is considered as a psychological factor which motivates or influences an individual to work hard to achieve a goal, target or motive. Want is a desire to possess, wish or do something in order to accomplish a lack or deficiency in life. It is a wish or a craving that can be achieved by hard work or more dedication. It is something not that essential but a person is fascinated towards it. More is something very different from need but influences a customer to think about the purchase. Desire is considered as the most essential pillar of customer behavior. Desire is basically a longing, hop for a product or outcome. Desire in other terms is called craving. Desire inculcates a sense of longing for an object and a person is excited just by imagining the products existence in his or her life. Desire in response provokes a customer to make a purchase but desire is something really weak and out of the purchasing capacity of an individual. According to Thomas Hobbes, human desire is the fundamental motivation of all the human actions. According to the model of communication, marketers set up an image of the product in a consumers mind, the presentation and the definition of the features of the product in return achieve the effective response of the customer. This feeling of building up desire among the customers has lifted the manufacturers and the sellers attention from product to customers and now on the customer behavior. Desire fixes up motive for purchasing a product. According to the definition, motive is a strong feeling, urge, instinct, desire or emotion that makes the buyer to make a decision to buy, induce action or determine choice in the purchase of goods and services. Desire ultimately leads to two types of motives namely- Emotional product motive and, Rational product motive In emotional purchase a customer is influenced through emotions instead of logical and rational analysis. The factors which influence this human behavior are pride satisfaction, sense of ego, urge to initiate others and his desire to be unique. On the other hand, rational analysis comes from logical, rational and proper analysis. In this the customer behavior is influenced by factors like evaluation of purpose, alternates available, cost benefit and other valid aspects. Conclusion In consumer behavior, decision making process plays the final and most vital role. According to the theories available there are series of steps and objectives involved in this stage. The first step is called the Need Recognition where the unmet needs and desires are identified. In this step the intensity of want is directly proportional to the fulfillment of want. The consumer in return starts exploring, analyzing and comparing the information available about the product or entity. The consumers first check the brand which he finds credible. The consumer reaches to various sources for information and suggestions like neighbors, advertisements and family. In the step of information gathering numerous alternatives come into light and factors like brand image, company, distributions etc. are considered. Then these are decided upon and a choice is reached. After everything has been finalized, evaluated and settled the purchase is made. After the purchase has been made the consumer evalu ates the post purchase behavior to know the level of satisfaction. Desire influences a person to make a purchase keeping economic, financial and various other factors aside. Hence desire is one of the most relevant way to understand contemporary customer behavior. Bibliography annoynomous. (2016). Marketing Concept. Researchjournalis Journal of Marketing , 4 ( 2348-0947). Annoynomous. (2007). Factors influencing consumer behaviour. Batra, S., Kazmi, S. (2009). Consumer Behaviour-2nd. New DElhi: Excel Books. Chand, S. (2005). 5 Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour | Explained. Gajjar, N. (2013). Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior. / International Journal of Research In Humanities and Social Sciences . Karvonene, J. (2005). Factors Affecting Consumer Choice of Mobile Phones: Two Studies from Finland. Journal of Euromarketing . Park, H.-C. (2003). Identifying key factors affecting consumer purchase behavior in an online shopping context. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management. Stavkova, J. (2014). Factors influencing consumer behaviour. Faculty of Business and Economics . Velayutham, M. (2016). Consumer Buying Behaviour A Literature Review. Journal of Business and Management , 08-16. Wright, R. (2006). Consumer Behaviour. Canada: Jennifer Pegg.

Minerva Mirabal Essay Example

Minerva Mirabal Paper In The Time of Minerva Malabar In my tenth grade literature class this year I had the opportunity to read a book that I had never thought about reading. To my surprise, once I started reading I couldnt stop. The book was titled, In The Time of The Butterflies. This book spoke of four sisters who were just trying to survive. One of the sisters, however, decided she wouldnt Just survive, she would fight. This young woman was known as Minerva Miramar, the outspoken butterfly. How would you treat your half sisters and your fathers mistress? With hatred and anger Sibyl, or would you give them love like Minerva Miramar did? It takes a strong person like Minerva to do something as astonishing as this. A strong person that Is destined to change the world one life at a time, and she did Just that. Minerva Malabar Is the name of a woman that will always live on. She went through many different hardships and roadblocks, but she never stopped persevering. She was one of the people, who even dur ing Truffles reign of terror never gave up hope. Throughout Minerals time of rebelling people often forgot to look at Minerals life as a whole. Minerva Miramar was the daughter of a man named Unripe Miramar. She had three sisters, or so she thought. Half way through Minerals short life she found out about her fathers mistress and Minerals other four sisters. At first sight Minerva was outraged. She did not think that anything like this was possible. She even went as far as crashing her car into her fathers while he was at his mistress house. What she did next was even more astonishing. Minerva forgave her father. Forgiving her father was Just a little of what we know about Minerva Miramar. However, this Is enough to let us know what type of person she was. Minerva was the type of person that cared more for others than herself. We will write a custom essay sample on Minerva Mirabal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Minerva Mirabal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Minerva Mirabal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even when she was In Jail she made sure that all the woman had what they needed. Minerva constantly put others before herself. Once Minerva started to realize the predicament her father got himself in she started to help. If Unripe Miramar wasnt able to bring the girls money or other items Minerva would. Once Unripe died Minerva decided to enroll her younger sisters into school. Minerva wanted to make everything possible for the girls that was possible for her. She felt that it was her duty to make sure that the girls grew up right. It is amazing to think that even while Minerva was fighting Trujillo regime she would not give up on her family. She showed this by taking care of her sisters. Not Just the ones that she grew up with, but also the ones she barely found out about. This shows everyone how good of a person Minerva was inside and out. She was as gentle as a butterfly and Just as determined. I know that this essay does not do Minerva Malabar Justice. I Just hope that It gets people to start to understand. I want this essay to be the start of peoples understanding of the Marsupials. Once this essay is read I wish that the reader becomes as intrigued in the peoples minds every now and again.